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1. Collect plastic and waxed containers to start seeds in. Plastic clamshells that greens come in make great community pots for starting seeds. Mushroom boxes, muffin containers, strawberry containers, and other containers work fine as long as there’s room for at least 2 inches of soilless potting mix (without added fertilizer, which can burn the seedlings). Be sure to clean and then poke some drainage holes in the bottom before adding your potting mix.
   
   

2. Egg cartons can be used for a while but they are small so be ready to move seedlings to larger containers when they need more room. Just be sure if you are starting more than one kind of plant that they all have the same requirements for heat and light and take about the same amount of time to germinate.
   
    

   

    

   Read Next

   • How to Winter-Sow Flowers and Which Seeds Work Best
   • 5 Ways to Start Seeds Earlier
   • Starting Seeds Indoors: How and When to Start Seeds
3. Milk jugs are awesome for winter sowing because they become little greenhouses that warm up the soil and air to let seeds germinate several weeks ahead of direct sowing—just don’t start too early! Clear plastic totes also make awesome little greenhouses, and large ones of any color can be turned into planters. Again, punch drainage holes in the bottom. Then cut the milk jug in half, just below the handle, but leave about an inch uncut so it can work as a handle to open and close the mini-greenhouse. After planting, replace the top of the jug, tape it to the bottom (with packing tape), and put the jugs in the Sun. You can remove the tops when it’s warm enough, 50° to 60°F, but cover up again at night.
   
   
4. If seeds are tiny, use an old spray bottle to gently mist the soil to prevent dislodging them. I love old condiment squirt bottles because they allow me to direct water right to the base of newly emerged seedlings.
   
   
    
5. When your seedlings have two to four true leaves and are large enough to handle, pot them up in larger containers, or you can transplant them into the ground if it’s warm enough. Yogurt containers, plastic cups, and even toilet paper rolls cut in half can be used as individual plant pots. 
    
6. For a larger greenhouse, stick hoops made from PVC pipe or heavy-duty wire into the ground and cover with clear plastic. The wireframes from old campaign signs are perfect for making little greenhouses or for supporting row covers in your garden. Any political signs still left from the primaries are fair game!
   
   
7. Cardboard tubes make good cutworm collars, or you can wrap the stems of your transplants with foil. I dare a cutworm to chew through that!
   
   
8. Pallets are quite versatile and can be used to create vertical gardens, compost bins, and fences. See this vegetable garden made with pallets and old shingles!
   
   Once the plants take off, you can hardly see the pallet!
    
9. If you have run out of containers but have bags of soil, just lay them flat in your sunniest spot, poke a few holes in the bottom for drainage, cut slits in the top, and plant directly in the bag.
    
10. Make a cold frame from bales of hay or straw covered with an old storm window.
     
11. Compost is the best soil amendment, and you can make it yourself. Start a compost pile today.
     
12. Ashes from a wood fire can be used in place of lime to raise the pH of your soil. See how to use wood ashes in your garden.
     
13. Grass clippings and shredded leaves make excellent mulch for your garden beds. See this Mulching Guide.
     
14. Collect water in a rain barrel to offset water costs. We made it one year ago from a plastic trash barrel. Adding a spigot to the bottom makes it easy to attach a hose.
    
    
     
15. Be sure to grow some open-pollinated heirlooms versus hybrids (check the packaging!) and save some seeds from the best ones to grow next year. Bean, pea, cucumber, squash, dill, pepper, and tomato seeds are easy to save. We find that they germinate better than our store-bought ones.

Buying Plants

For winter sowing, I recommend cold-weather crops such as brassicas. Otherwise, start the plants indoors. Anyone buying plants this far ahead of the season has to be prepared to repot them into bigger containers and provide proper lighting (on a windowsill or with grow lights). The plants should be quite happy until they can then be planted properly either outside or in a greenhouse. If you’re not prepared to report, do not buy, or the plants will suffer, and it’s not worthwhile.

Refer to our planting calendar to learn when to plant indoors or in the ground. Or, read the seed packet instructions. If it says, “sow 4 to 6 weeks before last spring frost,” then it’s fine to sow midwinter. If it says “sow 3 to 4 weeks before last spring frost,” then sow in later winter. And if it says, “sow after the danger of frost has passed,” this means early spring. 

Don’t get discouraged. Get creative. And when it comes to repurposing supplies, remember: One man’s trash is another man’s trellis! 

See more upcycled gardening ideas!