We appreciate your enthusiasm as a new plant owner! To answer your questions:
The problem with a normal potting mix is that it will retain too much moisture, which could cause rot. A succulent mix allows for better drainage, and is therefore recommended. You could make your own succulent mix by combining 2 parts potting mix, 1 part perlite, and 1 part coarse sand or crushed pumice.
Browning leaves can be a sign of overwatering. Allow the soil to dry completely between waterings.
If you want to , it’s best to cut off only mature leaves. Otherwise, the plant does not need to be pruned.
There is no harm in wiping the dust off of an aloe plant every once in a while, as long as you do so gently and with a dry paper towel.
We appreciate your enthusiasm as a new plant owner! To answer your questions: