蜜桃恋人

How to Grow Celery: The Complete Guide

Photo Credit
Alfredo Maiquez/Shutterstock
Botanical Name
Apium graveolens
Plant Type
Vegetable
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Part Sun
Soil pH
Neutral

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Planting, Growing, and Harvesting Celery

Catherine Boeckmann

Grow your own celery, and you could be harvesting delectable stems from summer right through until the first frost. Garden-grown celery is much more tender and flavorful than the commercial types and less chemically laden. Learn more about how to plant, grow, and harvest celery plants.

About Celery

Celery needs a long, relatively cool growing season to grow nice and tall 12- to 18-inch stalks, requiring up to 140 days to come to harvest; however, some short-season varieties are available. In cooler regions, it does best planted in the early spring. In warmer areas, plan to plant in mid- to later summer.

Although celery has a reputation for being fussy to grow at home, celery always has a place in our gardens because it’s so useful in the kitchen鈥攆or stews, stir-fries, soups, and salads. Celery is considered a hardy biennial, but it’s typically grown as an annual. It’s best to start celery from seed indoors (transplants are hard to find and do not always succeed), and the plant is prone to bolting in cold weather, so it requires a little extra care, but you can succeed armed with this knowledge!

There are two main types of celery available:

  1. Trenching celery needs soil mounded up against the stems as they grow to produce crisp, pale stems. To make this easier, trenching celery is typically planted into trenches, hence the name, but some gardeners aid this blanching process using cardboard tubes, pipes, or collars.
  2. Self-blanching celery requires none of these extra steps. This makes it much easier to grow, and the stems are just as tasty!

Enjoy our video all about growing celery, and then follow the planting, growing, and harvesting instructions below.

Read Next

Planting

Select a planting site that receives full sun (at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight per day). Celery needs nutrient-rich soil. Loosen the soil to a depth of 12 to 15 inches with a garden fork or tiller, then mix 2 to 4 inches of aged manure and/or compost into the soil, or work in some 5-10-10 fertilizer. Celery prefers soil with a pH between 5.8 and 6.8. Get a soil test if you’re not sure of your soil pH.

It’s important for celery to grow in moisture-retentive soil that doesn’t drain too quickly. Wild celery grows in boggy ground, so you鈥檒l need to ensure consistent moisture for this thirsty vegetable, while a sunny spot should ensure good, even growth.

When to Plant Celery

  • Due to its need for a long growing season, it’s best to start celery seed indoors. 
    • For a spring crop, start seeds 10 to 12 weeks before your last spring frost date.
    • For a fall crop, start seeds in time to transplant seedlings 10 to 12 weeks before the first fall frost date.

How to Plant Celery

Starting Seeds

  • Before sowing, soak seeds in warm water overnight. This will speed germination. The seeds are tiny, so handle them with care and a keen eye!
  • Fill seed flats or pots with good-quality seed starting mix, then gently firm it level.
  • Press soaked seeds into seed-starting soil; to get good germination, do not cover with soil. The easiest way to sow the seeds is to carefully tap the packet above the surface of the potting mix and watch carefully as the seeds fall. Ideally, you want them to fall about an inch apart. Once you鈥檙e done, firm the seeds into place.
  • Cover starter trays/pots with plastic wrap to retain moisture. Germination should occur in about a week, but it can take up to three weeks; be patient.
  • Soon after seedlings appear, place a fluorescent grow light 3 inches above them for 16 hours a day (plants need dark hours, too).
  • Maintain an ambient temperature of 70掳 to 75掳F (21掳 to 24掳C) during the day and 60掳 to 65掳F (15掳 to 18掳C) at night. 
  • Mist regularly.
  • When seedlings are 2 inches tall, transplant them to individual peat pots or to deeper flats with new potting soil. In flats, set the plants at least 2 inches apart.
  • Harden off seedlings before transplanting by reducing water slightly and putting them outdoors (in a sheltered spot protected from the sun) for a couple of hours each day.

Transplanting Outdoors

  • Plant celery outdoors when the soil temperature reaches at least 50掳F (10掳C) and nighttime temperatures don’t dip down below 40掳F (4掳C). (Cold weather after planting can cause bolting.)
  • Plant seedlings 8 to 10 inches apart.
  • Water thoroughly. 

Growing

To grow well, celery has three critical needs:

  1. Cool weather; celery won鈥檛 tolerate high temperatures.
  2. Constant water; stalks will be small, stringy, tough, and/or hollow if it goes without water.
  3. Soil that鈥檚 rich in organic matter and鈥攂ecause its roots are shallow (just a few inches deep)鈥攆ertilizer applied on top of the soil.
  • Make sure to provide plenty of water during the entire growing season, especially during hot, dry weather.
  • Use row covers for the first 4 to 5 weeks in order to protect from pests.
  • When plants are 6 inches tall, mulch around them to keep the soil moist and roots cool.
  • Side-dress with compost. Comfrey pellets are great, as are coffee grounds, tickled into the soil between plants. 
  • In the second and third months of growth, side-dress with 1 tablespoon of a 5-10-10 fertilizer 3 to 4 inches from each plant.
  • Keep celery weed-free, but be careful when weeding, as celery has shallow roots that could easily get disturbed.
  • Tie growing celery stalks together to keep them from sprawling.
  • Start earthing up trenching varieties once the stems reach about a foot tall, banking the soil up by about three inches (8cm) each time until you can hill up no more.
  • Blanch (wrap or cover) stalks to eliminate any bitter taste and produce pale green stalks. Use anything that will keep out light: brown bag paper or cardboard (secure with old nylon stockings, string, vegetable wires), half-gallon milk cartons (cut-out tops and bottoms), or the like. Do not cover the celery鈥檚 leaves.

celery-shutterstock_262679072_full_width.jpgImage: Garden celery. Photo credit: Yuris/Shutterstock.

Types

  • 鈥楢蹿颈苍补鈥&苍产蝉辫;produces tall, slender stalks (up to 30 inches in height) and is a dark green, hardy, quick-growing variety (60 days to maturity).
  • 鈥楥辞苍辩耻颈蝉迟补诲辞谤’ is tolerant of higher temps, water shortages, and average soil fertility.
  • 鈥楪olden Self Blanching’ is an heirloom dwarf with stringless stalks. It’s a good choice for smaller gardens.
  • 鈥楿tah 52-70R Improved’ is good for gardeners with limited space. It will only reach 18 inches tall and is disease resistant.

Harvesting

  • Harvest celery from summer and through the autumn until the first hard frosts stop growth. As a biennial, celery may overwinter in milder climates, producing occasional stems throughout the coldest months and picking up again in spring before finally stretching to flower.
  • You can harvest plants whole, but cutting or picking individual stems as required will keep plants producing over a longer period.
  • The parts of celery that are harvested are mainly the stalks, which will be above ground.
  • Pick the stalks whenever you want. Young celery is as good as the mature product.
  • Harvest stalks from the outside in. You may begin harvesting when stalks are about 8 inches tall.
  • Celery can be kept in the garden for up to a month if the soil is built up around it to maintain an ideal temperature. Celery will tolerate a light frost, but not consecutive frosts.
  • Tip: The darker the stalks become, the more nutrients they will contain. Texture changes with color; dark green stalks will be tougher.

How to Store Celery

  • Keep celery in a plastic bag in the refrigerator. Celery stores really well; you can keep it for many weeks with no trouble. 
  • Celery stalks can be frozen. Cut the stalks into half-inch pieces and store them in freezer-grade bags.
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Wit and Wisdom

  • Keep in mind that grocery store celery is lighter in color and bigger than homegrown celery because the commercial varieties are grown in greenhouses and/or protected from the sun; they may carry a lot of pesticides, too. 
  • Nibbling on celery after a meal helps to clean your teeth and mouth.
  • To crisp limp celery, soak it in cold water with a few slices of potato.
  • The ancient Romans believed that celery had healing powers, especially when it came to headaches. It’s also been thought to cure a hangover, toothache, or arthritis, and serve as an aphrodisiac.
  • Bland or boring? You may be delighted to discover that celery has many benefits. See why celery is heathy and happening.

Pests/Diseases

Celery is relatively trouble-free. To control pests early on, cover the plants with garden fabric (row covers) during the first four to six weeks of the growing season

Celery Pests and Diseases
Pest/DiseaseTypeSymptomsControl/Prevention
Carrot rust fliesInsectWilted/stunted plants; tunnels with rust-color excrement in roots of carrot-family crops; root rotMonitor adults with yellow sticky traps; use row covers; add native plants to invite beneficial insects; destroy crop residue; rotate crops
Cucumber mosaic virusVirusVaries, but may include stunting, mottled green/yellow/white pattern or ringed spots on leaves; distorted leaf growthDestroy infected plants; choose resistant varieties and certified virus-free seed; use row covers; disinfect tools; weed; control aphids (virus carriers); use mulch
EarwigsInsectMany small holes in leaves/stalksTrap in tuna can filled with 1/2 inch of fish oil and sunk in soil such that edge is slightly above ground level; remove plant debris and other nearby hiding places
Flea beetlesInsectNumerous tiny holes in leaves (looks like leaves were hit by a shotgun)Use row covers; mulch heavily; add native plants to invite beneficial insects
Slugs/snailsMolluskIrregular holes in leaves; slimy secretion on plants/soil; seedlings 鈥渄isappear鈥Handpick; avoid thick bark mulch; use copper plant collars; avoid overhead watering; lay boards on soil in evening, and in morning dispose of 鈥渉iding鈥 pests in hot, soapy water; drown in deep container filled with 1/2 inch of beer, or sugar water and yeast, and sunk so that top edge is slightly above ground; apply 1-inch-wide strip of food-grade diatomaceous earth as barrier

Recipes

Summer Corn Chowder
Chicken-Stuffed Tomatoes
Autumn Garden Soup
Chicken Parmesan Potpie
Vegetables
About The Author

Catherine Boeckmann

Catherine Boeckmann loves nature, stargazing, and gardening so it鈥檚 not surprising that she and The Old Farmer鈥檚 蜜桃恋人 found each other. She leads digital content for the 蜜桃恋人 website, and is also a certified master gardener in the state of Indiana. Read More from Catherine Boeckmann
 

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Comments

Pana (not verified)

8 years 1 month ago

For the past few months, I have been buying celery from our local supermarket. Every celery that I have bought has had its sweet center sticks cut off... not the center core stems and leaves though. I complained to the manager and he called the farmer. The farmer said that they have been cutting the sticks off because they were flowering... That makes no sense to me. Surely the flowers come from the center of the core or on different looking stems... not on the sweet inner leaf stems that we usually eat... please confirm.

I’m sorry, I’m not sure that I understand your question correctly, but I hope that the following information may help:

Celery is a biennial, normally flowering in the second year. Occasionally, though, plants may flower prematurely the first year (bolting), such as if cold temperatures hit at a certain stage in development (transplanting outside too early in the North can sometimes cause this). The stalks that we eat are leaf stalks (petioles). When the plant flowers, a seed (or flower) stalk will develop in the center of these leaf stalks. This seed stalk has smaller leaves on it, and grows taller than the surrounding leaf stalks. The flowers develop at the top of the seed stalk. Stalk celery is harvested before flowering because that stage can make the leaf stalks woody; if a seed stalk appears, it is removed immediately.

Sometimes celery is processed by removing the outer leaf stalks and just leaving the more tender inner leaf stalks — usually sold as celery 鈥渉earts.鈥 Certain diseases can attack the inner leaf stalks. There are also several factors that can cause skinny leaf stalks. In addition to stalk celery, there is cutting celery, which produces thinner leaf stalks and more leaves, and has a stronger taste.

Thank you so much for your response. I am sure you have answered my question. The supermarket is selling it's celery with large outer leaf stalks as normal which cover the inner leaf stalks. The small inner heart is there, but the sweet leaf stalks around the small inner heart are cut off... I believe that they are being cut off prior to sale used for salads or something else and the customer is being juked. I like those soft inner leaves around the heart of the celery... and I believe that the seed stalk comes from the small inner heart. The supermarket is telling me that the farmer claims that he cut off those leaves around the heart, because they were going to flowers... I don't believe that. Thanks again.

uzma (not verified)

8 years 1 month ago

what seasons are this vegetables in: cucumber, celery, pumpkin, sweet corn, apples, carrots and potatoes?

Joan Bass (not verified)

8 years 5 months ago

I have been given red celery plants which I have planted in good complost in a very large plastic container in my garden to keep them moist. They are being watered regularly. I have tied the stalks of each to stop them spreading but can someone tell me if I have to mound them up. Being red, they obviously don't need blanching but someone said I have to mound them up which seems strange.

Blanching helps to prevent bitter celery. The red types sometimes are prone to that, so some gardeners like to mound the soil around them. Some do it just half way, to at least have a little red on the stems. But, blanching is optional.

SANMI BAMIDELE (not verified)

8 years 5 months ago

Dear sir,
How do I get celery seed for planting.
I will appreciate your prompt response.
Thanks,
Sanmi.

You can often find packets of celery seed in local garden centers, or you can order them from seed companies (via online, phone, or mail order).

John Butlet (not verified)

8 years 6 months ago

I have 3 celery plants in the garden. What material do I use for mulch?

You can try organic mulches such as grass clippings (from a lawn not treated with pesticides), compost, or straw (not hay, because of seeds). Or, you can use black plastic, which helps to keep the soil warm, as well as conserve moisture and deter weeds.