蜜桃恋人

How to Grow Grapes: The Complete Guide

Photo Credit
Pixabay
Botanical Name
Vitis spp.
Plant Type
Fruit
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Soil pH
Slightly Acidic to Neutral
Hardiness Zone
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

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Planting, Growing, and Harvesting Grapes

Catherine Boeckmann

Grapes are harvested in early fall, and then planted in the spring. Learn more about growing grapes! Not only are they a beautiful ornamental plant but also these vines produce sweet treats that are wonderful for eating, juicing, and winemaking. 

About Grapes

Grape vines not only produce sweet and versatile fruits, but they also add an element of drama to a garden or landscape. They are vigorous growers, and with the proper pruning, they will produce fruit with ease within a few years and last for 30 years or more!

For home gardeners, there are three main types of grapes to consider: American (Vitis labrusca), European (V. vinifera), and French-American hybrids. American grapes are the most cold-hardy, while European grapes鈥攗sually better for wine than the table鈥攄o well in warm, dry, Mediterranean-type zones. Hybrids tend to be both cold-hardy and disease-resistant, but are not as flavorful as European grapes. Another type that is grown in the U.S. is the Muscadine (V. rotundifolia), which is native to the southern United States. The Muscadine grape’s thick skin makes it best suited for use in jams, wine, or other processed grape products.

Make sure you purchase grape vines from a reputable nursery. Vigorous, 1-year-old plants are best. Smaller, sometimes weaker, 1-year-old plants are often held over by the nursery to grow another year and are then sold as 2-year-old stock. Obtain certified virus-free stock when possible.

Eager to get started? We have plenty of tips for growing grapes in your backyard!

Read Next

Planting

  • Grapevines should be planted in early spring after the date of the last hard freeze has passed. Vines are usually purchased as dormant, bare-root plants.
  • Most grape varieties are self-fertile. To be sure, ask when you are buying vines if you will need more than one plant for pollination.
  • Select a site with full sun. If you don’t have a spot with full sun, make sure it at least gets morning sun. A small amount of afternoon shade won’t hurt. Your soil needs to be deep, well-drained, and loose. You also need good air circulation.
  • Grape vines will need to be trained to some sort of support to grow upward. This will also cut the risk of disease. The support needs to be in place at planting.
    • One option is a sturdy trellis or arbor. The arbor may have two, four or six posts, depending on whether it’s attached to the house or another structure. The top can be secured with 2-inch by 4-inch wooden slats that hold the arbor together and topped with 1-inch by 2-inch wood pieces to create the latticework for the vines to grow on. You may also need corner braces to secure the whole structure. Grow the grapes, one per post, selecting the strongest cane. Allow it to grow to the top of the post the first year, securing it to the post as it grows. 
    • If you are low on free space, try growing grapes on a stake. Pound in a sturdy stake next to the grapevine and securely attach it. Keep the vine growing vertically. Let the vine grow to the top of the stake the first year, then top it. Allow 4 to 5 side canes to grow. Remove all the rest.
  • Before planting grapevines, soak their roots in water for two or three hours.
  • Space vines 6 to 10 feet apart (16 feet for muscadines).
  • For each vine, dig a planting hole 12 inches deep and 12 inches wide. Fill with 4 inches of topsoil. Trim off broken roots and set the vine into the hole slightly deeper than it grew in the nursery. Cover the roots with 6 inches of soil and tamp down. Fill with the remaining soil, but don’t tamp this down.
  • Water at time of planting.

Growing

  • Do not fertilize in the first year unless you have problem soil. Fertilize lightly in the second year of growth.
  • Use mulch to keep an even amount of moisture around the vines.
  • A mesh net is useful in keeping birds away from budding fruit.

Pruning Grapes

Pruning is very important. Grapes produce fruit on shoots growing off of one-year-old canes. If you have too many old canes (from no pruning), then you’ll get fewer grapes. If you prune back your vines completely each year, then you get lots of new growth, but again, few grapes.

Pruning is done in late winter when the plant is dormant, usually around March. But for the first year or so, the goal is to create a strong root system and trunk. Plant in spring and prune back the grapevine to three buds. Then wait until the first winter.

  • If you are growing grapes on an arbor or trellis: Grow the grapes, one per post, selecting the strongest cane. Allow it to grow to the top of the post the first year, securing it to the post as it grows. The first winter, top the cane and allow it to grow side branches along the top of the arbor. If you let the vines just continue to grow, they will produce dense shade, but little fruit. Prune the grapes each winter by removing those canes that fruited the previous year, cutting back one-year-old canes to five to six buds, and leaving some renewal canes pruned back to two to three buds. The goal is to have canes on the trellis spaced 2 to 3 feet apart. Remove any weak, thin canes. You want to leave enough fruiting canes on the trellis to fill it back in each summer, but not so many that it becomes a tangled mess.
  • If you are growing grapes on a stake, cut back the side canes in the first winter to three buds on each. These will send out shoots that will produce grapes the next year. Remove all weak and spindly growth, especially along the lower parts of the trunk. The second winter, prune back the healthiest canes to six to ten buds, select two canes as renewal spurs, and prune those back to three buds on each and remove all other canes. Repeat this pruning each winter. Your trunk should be able to support four to seven fruiting canes each year as it gets older.

Types

Note: Seedless varieties will produce smaller grapes.

  • 鈥楨delweiss鈥: Hardy in zones 4鈥7 (鈥20掳F), early white variety. Table and wine.
  • 鈥楻eliance鈥: Hardy in zones 4鈥8, seedless, pink table grape.
  • 鈥楽eibel鈥: Hybrid, wine grape. Cold hardy.
  • 鈥楽wenson Red鈥: Hardy in zones 4鈥8, red table grape.
  • 鈥楳agnolia鈥: White Muscadine wine grape. Sweet. Best in zones 7鈥9.
  • 鈥榁aliant鈥: Eating grape hardy to Zone 2.

Harvesting

  • If grapes aren鈥檛 ripening, pinch back some of the foliage to let in more sunlight.
  • Grapes will not continue ripening once picked from the vine. Test a few to see if they are to your liking before harvesting, usually in late summer or early fall.
  • Grapes are ripe and ready to harvest when they are rich in color, juicy, full-flavored, easily crushed but not shriveled, and plump. They should be tightly attached to the stems. Sample different grapes from different clusters, and the taste should be between sweet and tart. Check our ripeness guide for more tips on color.
  • Grapes can be stored for up to six weeks in the cellar, but grapes can absorb the odors of other fruits and vegetables, so keep them separate. Use cardboard boxes or crates lined with clean, dry straw. Separate bunches with straw or sawdust. Check often for spoilage.
  • See our article on making jams and jellies with fruit from your garden.
Gardening Products

Wit and Wisdom

Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) resemble grapes only in that they grow in clusters, but that was sufficient reason for early European explorers in Barbados to bestow this name on them.

Pests/Diseases

Recipes

Chicken, Fennel & Fruit Quinoa Salad
Easy Grape Jelly With Two Ingredients
Fruit
About The Author

Catherine Boeckmann

Catherine Boeckmann loves nature, stargazing, and gardening so it鈥檚 not surprising that she and The Old Farmer鈥檚 蜜桃恋人 found each other. She leads digital content for the 蜜桃恋人 website, and is also a certified master gardener in the state of Indiana. Read More from Catherine Boeckmann
 

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Comments

Julie (not verified)

7 years 4 months ago

Not sure what to do for my grapvines.i like in Southeastern Washington, wine country! They are 2 years old and in a large wood bottomless box below our pergola with sufficient drainage into the ground underneath. They've been fine these last 2 years until today. There's a good handful of leaves that are yellowing in a speckled pattern and some of the veins are not green. I recently used Miracle grow to fertilize but it was just once and 2 weeks ago. I'm worried I'll lose them. Please advise. Thanks so much!

 

If the yellowing is sporadic and nonuniform, then it may be an iron or magnesium deficiency. However, there are many reasons for vine leaves to yellow. If plants begin to fail, have your soil tested for nutrient deficiencies by your area cooperative extension (find it here: http://www.almanac.com/content/cooperative-extension-services). Fertilizer is good if it contains what the plant needs; soil quality is paramount.

We hope this helps.

Joseph Ficek (not verified)

7 years 5 months ago

3 summers ago I planted some seeds from grapes I purchased and ate. Never expecting anything. The following summer I noticed growth in the area and realized one of the grape seeds actually began to grow. Reached a foot and half and made it through our harsh winter in Chicago. Year 2. It's growing at a rapid pace and up to almost 3 foot. Yesterday I noticed that the bark at the root system was breaking down and about a foot and a half the bark is like beginning to peel can't find any info out there and grown attached to this vine. Please advise.

In mature grape vines, it’s normal for the outer layer of bark to sometimes crack or peel off, which is a sign that the vine is growing and 鈥渂ursting at the seams,鈥 so to speak. Another cause of bark-peeling is frost damage, but because the problem is occurring now, mid-summer, this seems unlikely. A third possibility could be that your vine is getting too much moisture. Does your vine have a lot of mulch or soil around it’s base? If so, try pushing it back from the stem to allow the base to get more air and less moisture.

Stefania Eymundson (not verified)

7 years 5 months ago

Hi, I was not home to prune my grapes last year or this spring thus they are overgrown, and do not appear to be fruiting. There are some clusters that appear to be flowers. Should I prune back now or wait til fall or early spring. I don't wish to damage the vines. Three years ago the vines had very nice grapes on them. The vine is about five years old. I live in southern British Columbia-Okanagan Similkameen.

I have only one Concorde grape vine and other varieties too but the Concorde does not give us fruit it is pretty but no fruit the others do fruit what do I do

It would be best to wait to prune until late spring (March or April). At that time, vines will still be mostly dormant, but you will be able to tell which canes are alive from emerging leaf buds. Just let them grow and gather energy this year, then prune in the spring and hope for grapes in the summer!

Namutebi (not verified)

7 years 5 months ago

Thanks for the information but can these vines grow in Uganda? I could like to try.

We are based in North America, so we can’t be sure about gardening outside of our region. However, Uganda seems to have relatively even temperatures throughout the year, which means grapes shouldn’t have trouble growing there. Try to find a local gardener to ask about the best varieties for your area.

Carol Cole-Ramos (not verified)

7 years 5 months ago

I planted 3 different varieties of grapes (2 of each) all in different areas. They all died and I followed the pruning schedule. In zone 8 B, I understand there are only certain grapes to grow and do well. You list many varieties but don't say which ones are good in zone 8B and zone 9.