Growing Green Beans: From Planting to Harvesting

Beans grow best in well-draining soil with normal fertility and an acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.0). They don’t typically need supplemental fertilizer because they fix their own nitrogen in the soil. However, particularly poor soil should still be amended with aged manure or compost in the fall prior to planting (or about a week before planting in the spring).

Beans don’t like having their roots disturbed, so set up any supports for pole beans prior to planting.

When to Plant Beans

Beans grow best when direct-seeded outdoors. Sow any time after the last spring frost date, when the soil has warmed to at least 55°F (12°C). Don’t plant too early, as cold, moist soil will delay germination and could cause the seeds to rot.
- Tip: To get a head start on planting, place black plastic or landscaping fabric over your garden beds to warm the soil prior to sowing seeds.
Do not start green bean seeds indoors. Due to their fragile roots, they may not survive transplanting. Plus, they’re such fast growers that there’s no real advantage to starting them early indoors.

How to Plant Beans

Sow bush beans 1 inch deep and 2 inches apart in rows 18 inches apart.
Sow pole beans 1 inch deep, placing them around supports.
- Tip: Plant pole and bush beans a little deeper in sandy soils, but not too deep. Seedlings cannot push through soil that is too deep, heavy, dense, packed, and/or mulched; they will break their “necks” in trying to emerge.
For pole beans, set up trellises, stakes, or other supports prior to planting so that the plants’ fragile roots are not disturbed.
- One option is to create a teepee: Tie three or four (or more) 7-foot-long bamboo poles or long, straight branches together at the top and splay the legs in a circle. Then, plant three or four seeds around each pole. As vines appear, train them to wind up the poles. For more stability, wrap string/wire around the poles about halfway up, encircling the tepee; this gives the vines something to grab.
- Another easy support for them is a “cattle panel”—a portable section of wire fence—16 feet long and 5 feet tall. The beans will climb with ease, and you won’t have to get into contorted positions to pick them.
For a continued harvest that lasts all summer, sow seeds every 2 weeks. If you’re going to be away and unable to harvest, skip a planting. Beans do not wait for anyone!
Practice crop rotation (planting crops in different areas each year) to avoid the build-up of pests and diseases in one spot.

How to Grow Beans From Planting to Harvest

Growing

Mulch soil around bean plants to retain moisture; make sure that it is well-drained. Beans have shallow roots, so mulch keeps them cool.
Water regularly, about 2 inches per square foot per week. If you do not keep beans well watered, they will stop flowering. Water on sunny days so that foliage will not remain soaked, which could encourage disease.
If necessary, begin fertilizing after heavy bloom and the set of pods. Avoid using high-nitrogen fertilizer, or you will get lush foliage and few beans. A side dressing of compost or aged manure halfway through the growing season is a good alternative to liquid fertilizer.
Weed diligently but carefully to avoid disturbing the beans’ roots.
Pinch off the tops of pole bean vines when they reach the top of the support. This will force them to put energy into producing more pods instead.
In high heat, use row covers over young plants; hot weather can cause blossoms to drop from plants, reducing the harvest.

Green bean plants trained up stakes. Photo by fotolinchen/Getty Images.

Growing Green Beans in Containers

You can also grow green beans in containers! An 8-inch-deep, 8-inch-wide container will hold one bush plant, while a 5-gallon pot will hold up to three bush or pole plants. For pole beans, plan to provide support in or immediately outside of the container. Fill the container with potting mix and rich compost.

Beans grow best when direct-seeded (not transplanted) into the soil, whether it’s in a container or the ground. After all danger of frost has passed, sow into warm (55°F or higher), moist soil. Put two beans into each hole between 1 and 11⁄2 inches deep. Eliminate the weaker one after germination by cutting the stem. (Do not allow two plants to coexist in one hole; neither will thrive.)

To care for your container of green beans, provide 6 to 8 hours of sun per day. Whenever the soil is dry, water to a depth of 1 to 2 inches. Fertilize with a low-nitrogen formula (5-10-10) diluted to half-strength to avoid excess foliage growth. Apply at planting time and when plants begin to flower.

Types

When it comes to green beans, the options are endless. Here are several types and varieties to consider:

Chinese (aka Asian) long beans (aka yardlong or asparagus beans): slender, 1- to 2-foot pods. Try ‘Orient Wonder,’ ‘Red Noodle,’ or ‘Yardlong.’ All pole.
French green beans (aka filet or haricots verts): thin, tender, 3- to 5-inch pods. Try ‘Calima,’ ‘Masai,’ or ‘Maxibel’; in a container, plant ‘Mascotte.’ All bush.
Italian/Romano: wide, flat 6- to 8-inch pods even in the hottest summers. Try ‘Early Bush Italian,’ extra-large-pod ‘Jumbo,’ or ‘Roma II.’ All bush.
Purple beans: 5- to 6-inch pods are deep purple when raw and turn green when cooked. Try ‘Amethyst,’ ‘Royal Burgundy,’ or ‘Velour.’ All bush.
Snap beans (aka string or stringless): slender, 5- to 7-inch pods. Try ‘Blue Lake 274’ (bush), heirloom ‘Kentucky Wonder’ (bush or pole), or ‘Provider’ (bush).
Yellow wax beans: 5- to 7-inch pods have a milder flavor than green varieties. Try stringless ‘Cherokee’ (bush), classic ‘Golden Wax’ (bush), or ‘Monte Gusto’ (pole).

If you are planting your green beans in containers, we suggest bush or pole beans. Many compact varieties are available, and many standard beans can be grown in containers as well. Here are some of our favorite bean varieties for containers.

Phaseolus lunatus ‘White Dixie Butterpea’: 16 to 24 inches tall; three to four small lima beans per pod; excellent for hot weather climates.
P. vulgaris ‘Derby’: tender, round, 7-inch-long pods form on 18-inch plants; resistant to bean common mosaic virus.
P. vulgaris ‘Mascotte’: prolific producer; 5- to 6-inch fruit on 16- to 18-inch- tall plants; resistant to anthracnose, bean common mosaic virus, and halo blight; variety name is French for “mascot” and symbolizes good luck.
P. vulgaris ‘Topcrop’: vigorous heirloom that sets heavy crop of pods 6 to 7 inches long on 15- to 18-inch-tall bushes; resistant to bean common mosaic virus.
P. coccineus ‘Hestia’: dwarf runner bean; 12- to 14-inch-tall plants produce 8-inch-long pods; if desired, leave beans to dry on plant and harvest as dried beans for chili, soups, and stews
P. vulgaris ‘Rattlesnake’: heirloom; vines up to 10 feet long produce 8- to 10-inch-long green pods with purple speckles; drought-resistant; heat-tolerant

Gardening Products

Pests/Diseases

Green Bean Pests and Diseases
Pest/Disease	Type	Symptoms	Control/Prevention
Anthracnose	Fungus	Yellow/brown/purple/black spots on leaves; sunken, dark spots on stems and pods; spots may develop a salmon-pink, gelatinous mass; eventually, rot	Destroy infected plants; choose resistant varieties; provide good drainage; avoid overhead watering; apply compost; use mulch; rotate crops
Aphids	Insect	Misshapen/yellow leaves; distorted flowers/pods; sticky “honeydew” (excrement); sooty, black mold	Grow companion plants; knock off with water spray; apply insecticidal soap; put banana or orange peels around plants; wipe leaves with a 1 to 2 percent solution of dish soap (no additives) and water every 2 to 3 days for 2 weeks; add native plants to invite beneficial insects
Cucumber beetles	Insect	Holes in leaves/flowers; rasped pods; plants stunted/die; may transmit bacterial wilt	Handpick; mulch heavily; use row covers; destroy plants infected with bacterial wilt
Cutworms	Insect	Wilting; severed stems of seedlings and transplants just above or below soil line; whole seedlings disappear	Handpick; in spring before planting, cultivate soil to reduce larvae; wrap a 4-inch-wide collar made from cardboard or newspaper around each stem, sinking 2 inches into soil; weed; use row covers; destroy crop residue
Japanese beetles	Insect	Leaves skeletonized (only veins remain); stems/flowers/pods chewed; grubs feed on roots	Handpick; use row covers
Leafhoppers	Insect	White shed skins on leaf undersides (from nymph molting); stippling (many tiny spots) on leaves; “hopperburn” (leaves yellow/brown, curled, or stunted); reduced yield	Knock nymphs off leaf undersides with strong spray of water; use row covers; monitor adults with yellow sticky traps; weed; destroy crop residue
Mexican bean beetles	Insect	Lacey, skeletonized foliage; dark holes on pods	Handpick; purchase and release beneficial wasp Pediobius foveolatus when larvae observed; destroy severely infested plants; use row covers
Mosaic virus (bean)	Virus	Leaves show green mottling (mosaic pattern) and may be distorted, blistered, curled downward; plants stunted	Destroy infected plants; choose resistant varieties and certified virus-free seed; use row covers; disinfect tools; weed; control aphids
Powdery mildew	Fungus	White spots on upper leaf surfaces expand to flour-like coating over entire leaves; foliage may yellow/die; distortion/stunting of leaves/flowers	Destroy infected leaves or plants; choose resistant varieties; plant in full sun, if possible; ensure good air circulation; spray plants with 1 teaspoon baking soda dissolved in 1 quart water; destroy crop residue
Root-knot nematodes	Nematode	Typically, roots “knotty” or galled; plants stunted/yellow/wilted	Destroy crop residue, including roots; choose resistant varieties; solarize soil; add aged manure/compost; disinfect tools; till in autumn; rotate crops
Slugs/snails	Mollusk	Irregular holes in leaves/flowers; gouged pods; slimy secretion on plants/soil; seedlings “disappear”	Handpick; avoid thick bark mulch; use copper plant collars; avoid overhead watering; lay boards on soil in evening, and in morning dispose of “hiding” pests in hot, soapy water; drown in deep container filled with 1/2 inch of beer, or sugar water and yeast, and sunk so that top edge is slightly above ground; apply 1-inch-wide strip of food-grade diatomaceous earth as barrier
Stinkbugs	Insect	Yellow/white blotches on leaves; scarred, dimpled, or distorted pods; shriveled seeds; eggs, often keg-shape, in clusters on leaf undersides	Destroy crop residue; handpick (bugs emit odor, wear gloves); destroy eggs; spray nymphs with insecticidal soap; use row covers; weed; till soil in fall
White mold	Fungus	Pale gray, “water-soaked” areas on stems, leaves, and other plant parts that enlarge and develop white, cottony growth, later with black particles; bleached areas; crowns/pods rot; plants wilt/collapse	Destroy infected plants; ensure good air circulation; water in morning; weed; destroy crop residue; rotating crops on 5-year or longer cycle may help
Whiteflies	Insect	Sticky “honeydew” (excrement); sooty, black mold; yellow/silver areas on leaves; wilted/stunted plants; distortion; adults fly if disturbed; some species transmit viruses	Remove infested leaves/plants; use handheld vacuum to remove pests; spray water on leaf undersides in morning/evening to knock off pests; monitor adults with yellow sticky traps; spray with insecticidal soap; invite beneficial insects and hummingbirds with native plants; weed; use reflective mulch
Wireworms	Insect	Seeds hollowed; seedlings severed; stunting/wilting; roots eaten	Trap by digging 2- to 4-inch-deep holes every 3 to 10 feet, fill with mix of germinating beans/corn/peas or potato sections as bait, cover with soil or a board, in 1 week uncover and kill collected wireworms; sow seeds in warm soil for quick germination; provide good drainage; remove plant debris; rotate crops

Recipes

Homemade Green Bean Casserole

Green Bean Salad

Dilled Green Beans

Green Bean and Basil Soup

Asian-Style Green Beans

Vegetables

About The Author

Catherine Boeckmann

Catherine Boeckmann loves nature, stargazing, and gardening so it’s not surprising that she and The Old Farmer’s �� found each other. She leads digital content for the �� website, and is also a certified master gardener in the state of Indiana. Read More from Catherine Boeckmann

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Comments

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You need to buy seeds

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whether infected plants can be treated, if can how.?
because I was a little trouble, if also the most controlled I unplug and then burned.

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I read that if you have at least 2 on the of warm weather you can plant bush beans in thr fall...so I did. The plants are lush and green and I have tons of flowers and beans set. They are taking longer to mature I assume bc it's not hot. I would like to wait until the beans mature to pick them. Presently night time Temps are dipping into 48-52. Daytime between 68-75. Could using a garden quilt at night help the set beans mature before a killing frost? I'm in zone 6b.

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The beans will slow down with the cooler temps. You can protect them with row covers or light weight material during the nights. Some gardeners fill gallon jugs with water and set them out between the plants. The water absorbs heat during the day and releases it during the night.

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I just started planting beans 2 weeks ago. See I have a problem;I went out one day to check my beans well you know I am growing it in a jar and I found out a leaf plucked out.What is up?

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I have heard for many years you shouldn't pick your beans while the plants are still wet because it will cause the beans and or plants to "rust" is this true or just another old farmer's tale from way back? Would appreciate your response on this.

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Bean rust is a fungal disease that can attack bean plants, forming orange, brown, or reddish pustules under leaves or on pods or stems. Leaves will turn yellow and fall off. It can spread rapidly, especially in humid/wet weather, by air or splashing water. The old saying is probably referring to the fact that it is best to harvest beans when the weather is dry, to help avoid spreading any rust fungus (or other diseases).

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Please help me I have a rattlesnake variety of green bean and need them to flower. How can I do that, please? Helen Keeton

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When beans aren't flowering, it is usually just because it's too early. Are you shoots at the top of the poles? When they get there, it should flower.

Also, make sure that the flower buds didn't just drop. This can happen in hot and dry weather. Make sure you add compost around the roots to keep them moist. Also, sometimes, they drop if it's windy and there aren't enough pollinators coming around. Do you have bees?

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I planTed. Garden green beans and thirty are falling over and looking like the roots are break off can you tell be why? I live in Michigan and had no trouble last year

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How to Grow Green Beans: The Complete Guide

Planting, Growing, and Harvesting Green Beans

About Green Beans

What’s the Difference Between Bush Beans and Pole Beans?

Planting